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| Test Code: |
APHSA2 |
| Description: |
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an auto-immune disorder in which antibodies are directed against phospholipid-protein complexes. It is characterized by recurrent venous and arterial thromboses, and/or pregnancy complications, and persistently positive tests for antiphospholipid-protein antibodies. Most autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies require protein cofactors for optimal binding. Beta-2 Glycoprotein 1 (B2GP1) is a protein cofactor with natural anticoagulant properties and has affinity for negatively charged phospholipids. A large proportion of anti-phospholipid antibodies are actually directed against complexes of phospholipid with protein, most notably against B2GP1. High levels of these antibodies are frequently detected in patients with auto-immune diseases (e.g., SLE) but may also be found in non-autoimmune diseases, as well as in apparently healthy individuals. The presence of APS requires that at least 1 clinical and 1 laboratory criteria are met. |
| Indications: |
The clinical criteria include arterial or venous thrombosis, and/or pregnancy morbidity (unexplained fetal death, premature birth, or spontaneous abortion). The laboratory criteria for diagnosis of APS include positive tests for lupus anticoagulant, and/or anticardiolipin antibodies, and/or B2GP1 antibodies. All antibodies must be demonstrated on 2 or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart. |
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